Wealth boundaries

Boundary – CC BY-ND by Hiroyuki Takeda

Day 27 of 30DayMapChallenge: « Boundaries » (previously).

There are still borders in Europe: wealth is not distributed equally. We can show the difference of gross domestic product (GDP) per capita at the NUTS 2 level.

Config

library(sf)
library(glue)
library(janitor)
library(dplyr)
library(readxl)
library(mapsf)
library(ggplot2)
library(ggspatial)
library(rnaturalearth)

Data

# NUTS 2
# https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/gisco/geodata/statistical-units/territorial-units-statistics
nuts <- read_sf("NUTS_RG_60M_2024_3035.gpkg") |> 
  clean_names() |> 
  filter(levl_code == 2)

# GDP
# https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nama_10r_2gdp__custom_19106190/default/table
#   Euro per inhabitant / Display settings : codes
gdp <- read_xlsx("nama_10r_2gdp__custom_19106190_spreadsheet.xlsx", 
                 skip = 8,
                 sheet = "Sheet 1", 
                 col_types = c("text", "text", "numeric", "text"),
                 .name_repair = make_clean_names) |> 
  rename(gdp_cap = x)

# From Natural Earth
world <- ne_countries(scale = 110) |> 
  st_transform("EPSG:3035")

non_europe <- world |> 
  st_filter(nuts |> 
              st_point_on_surface() |> 
              st_union(), .predicate = st_disjoint) 

# Add GDP data to the geom
gdp_nuts <- nuts |> 
  left_join(gdp, 
            join_by(nuts_id == geo_codes)) |> 
  select(nuts_id, nuts_name, gdp_cap)

# find borders and compute sides difference
nuts_contig <- mf_get_borders(gdp_nuts) |> 
  mutate(diff = abs(gdp_cap.1 - gdp_cap))

Map

gdp_nuts |> 
  ggplot() +
  geom_sf(data = non_europe, color = "grey", fill = "white") +
  geom_sf(aes(fill = gdp_cap / 1000)) +
  geom_sf(data = filter(nuts_contig, diff > 10000), 
          aes(linewidth = diff / 1000),
          color = "red", lineend = "round") +
  scale_linewidth_binned(breaks = c(10, 25, 50, 75),
                         range = c(0.1, 3),
                         transform = "log") +
  scale_fill_viridis_c(na.value = "#dddddd") +
  annotation_scale(height = unit(1, "mm"), 
                   text_col = "darkgrey", line_col = "grey", 
                   bar_cols = c("white", "grey")) +
  coord_sf(xlim = c(2500000, 7350000),
           ylim = c(1450000, 5350000)) +
  labs(title = "Gross domestic product boundaries",
       subtitle = glue("GDP in Europe"),
       fill = "GDP/capita\n(k€)",
       linewidth = "GDP/capita\ndifference (k€)",
       caption = glue("data: Eurostat, Natural Earth
                      https://r.iresmi.net - {Sys.Date()}")) +
  theme_void() +
  theme(plot.caption = element_text(size = 7, color = "grey40"),
        plot.margin = unit(c(.2, .2, .2, .2), units = "cm"),
        
        legend.position = "bottom")

Figure 1: Still borders in Europe: wealth is not distributed equally